Gov’t Moves to Regulate Okada, Tricycle Operations Under New Draft Law

The Ghanaian government is drafting a new Legislative Instrument (LI) to regulate commercial motorcycle and tricycle operations, popularly known as okada and aboboyaa, as part of efforts to improve safety and formalise the booming sector.

Under the proposed changes to the Road Traffic Regulations, 2012 (LI 2180), individuals who wish to operate commercial motorcycles or tricycles must either be employed by a licensed company or be registered members of a recognised transport union. Additionally, riders must be at least 25 years old.

These were among the key highlights shared at a national stakeholder consultation held in Accra on Monday. The meeting, led by Minister of Transport Joseph Bukari Nikpe, brought together key stakeholders including the Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD), the Ghana Private Road Transport Union (GPRTU), okada associations, civil society groups, and industry players.

Safety, Structure, and Standards

Mr. Nikpe said the proposed regulations are part of a new licensing regime that seeks to enhance the monitoring and management of commercial two- and three-wheeler operations across the country.

“Our focus is the safety of riders and passengers. The revised regulations will include mandatory helmet use, regular vehicle inspections, and comprehensive rider training,” he said.

The draft also introduces stricter penalties for non-compliance. Individuals operating motorcycles or tricycles for passenger services without being part of a registered union or licensed company would face fines of up to 100 penalty units, imprisonment, or both.

New Rules for Operators and Riders

Under the proposed framework:

• Riders must be at least 25 years old.

• They must possess a valid national ID, pass both theoretical and oral proficiency tests, complete approved training, and undergo an eye examination.

• Successful riders will receive a yellow licence plate with black text and must wear a certified helmet with a unique identification number. Pillion riders must also be provided with certified helmets.

• Operators must register under the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992), as a limited liability company, cooperative, union, or other recognised body.

• Each operator must have a presence in at least eight administrative regions and maintain a minimum fleet of 50 vehicles in each region (or as determined by authorities).

• Operators are required to follow an approved dress code and fulfil other requirements set by the DVLA and local assemblies.

Licences for riders will be valid for two years, while unions must renew theirs annually. Unions will also be tasked with organising yearly refresher courses for riders and must maintain a digital database of members.

Local Government Empowered

District assemblies will play a crucial role in implementing the regulations. They will be authorised to issue operating permits to unions, designate terminals, and ensure local compliance. Assemblies can charge fees and enforce specific conditions for operations within their jurisdictions.

The Head of Road Transport Services at the Ministry, Daniel Essel, explained that unions will be held accountable for members' behaviour. They must record and investigate breaches of conduct and apply disciplinary measures as needed.

Responding to a Growing Sector

Motorcycles and tricycles have become essential in Ghana’s transport system, particularly in areas where traditional transport like trotros and taxis are less effective. However, their rapid rise has led to increased road accidents and safety concerns.

The draft law is part of a broader initiative that dates back to campaign promises made by former President John Mahama in 2016 to properly regulate the sector for improved safety and job security.

To shape the new framework, a 13-member committee was recently formed by the Ministry of Transport. It includes representatives from the DVLA, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Youth Development, National Road Safety Authority, and other key institutions.

Nationwide Consultations Underway

Monday’s meeting in Accra marked the beginning of broader national consultations aimed at gathering input from stakeholders and fine-tuning the draft before it is presented to Parliament.

“We want to develop a regulatory framework that’s inclusive, practical, and sustainable. That’s why these consultations are crucial,” Mr. Nikpe noted.

With commercial motorcycle and tricycle services deeply embedded in Ghana’s transport fabric, the proposed LI aims to strike a balance between formalising the sector and supporting the livelihoods of thousands who rely on it daily.